howard



3 Sheets-Sheet' 1.

(No Model.)

H. HOWARD. ARG METAL WORKING APPARATUS.

Patented Jen. 26, 1892.

(No Model.) 3 SheetsV-Sheet 2. H. HOWARD.

ARC METAL WORKING APPARATUS.

Patented Jen. 26, 1892.

[n1/cutoff" (No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

H. HOWARD. ARG METAL WORKING APPARATUS.

Patented Jan. 426, 1892.

@o w GAM MAMMA MQW,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRYJHOWARD, oF HAtEsoWEN, ENGLAND.

ARC METAL-WORKING APPAnATus.

SPECIFICATION `forming partI of Letters Patent No'. 467,752, dated January 2.6, 1892.

Application tiled July 6,-1891.

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HENRY HOWARD, manufacturer, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Coombs Wood Tube Works, 5 Halesowen, near Birmingham, England,'have invented certain new and useful` Improve- `ments in Apparatus for Heating and Welding Metals by Means of the Electric Arc, of which the following is a speciication. The methods of heating and welding metals by electricity heretofore practised' may, for the purposes of this specification, be divided into two classes. In the first of theseclasses the two pieces of metal to be welded yare placed in contact with each other, and a heating current of electricity ispassed through the junction. This method, while advantageous for some purposes, is subj ect to some serious practical objections, such as that it is only applicable to butt-welded joints, which are less frevquent] y employed in the arts than lap-welded ones. The character ofthe metal.' subjectedtothis process is liable to be changed'from` the ordinary fibrous structure to a crystaline' condition along the line of welding, which renders `the metal too brittle to withstand cross strains or to be bent asis oftenv required., In the second of these classes the heating and welding is performed-by theelectric arc, the i work itself forming one electrode, p'ole,'or`te'rlVV fninal of the circuit, while a pencil forms the other one. This system Iregard as more ad' vantageous than. the other, inasmuch as it will successfully produce either butt-Welded or lap-welded joints,even inf:steel, Without injury to the metal ywhich retains its fibrous structure, so thatthe welds not only-have a high percentage of tensile strength,'b nt can;

also be bent'just `asfiiiell as asoli'dbaig. lIn carrying out this last-mentioned process, lthe pencil, so far as' my lknowledge extendshas` heretofore been appliedfto the Work by hand or through the intel-position ofiafholder'moved by hand in such mannerasto either restup'on the work in spots or V-to move over`it'to and f ro. This necessarily i-n practice has -cohned the work 'to small special adaptatioi 1sas itv -Would obviously be impracticablefor aworkl man to manipulatea largearc, say 'fromfiifty to one hundred horse-power, such as'it is frequently desirable to employ. Itis'alsoobviL 'ously impossible for a'workman to xaiutain Serial No. 398,593. (No model.)

he'cannot somove the pencil by hand as to `heat any considerable area, and if the pencil is allowed to remain stationary too long the `,Work isv injured and the movement ofthe pencil is very apt to break the are and allow the heated work to become cool.

' My invention is based upon the discovery I have made that the above-mentioned defects may be remedied, and 4practically perfect Work produced by automatically and mechanig, cally causing the arc to maintain'a uniform relation to the work whilefmovng constantlyv and quickly thereover.

. My improvements to this end consist in' 4certain novel combinations and organizations of instrumentalities herein described, and also speci tied in the claims at the end of thisspecr `fication, whereby the pencil andwork may be at constant or varying rates of speed and any 'portion of the Work may the desired temperature.

,earriedvpby a rotating,s113455 movabl e m1@ tivly to pherwork'ill Such manner that the pencil can be adjusted.bothvertioally and Vlaterally.'`

relatively 'thereto,'s6 as to b ring the pencil and work .in proper relation Vvto cause" it ,t

move longitudinally@ in wenn@ of weldingor heatingiand also to gyrate laterally relai ,tively thereto, so that the' path ofthe arc may deser-ibeany desired figure either at constant electric motor .mounted vupon the' same carby the 4same motor 0r by other .suitable mes chanialjappliar'ices In 'Some cases qI also, i A .fmount a 'ham-nier,hydraulic" press, orv otherl A tool upon this -carriage and; actuate'i'tby thel same, or,'preferably,' by another 'electric ino In= order to 'carryout my inventionil mount A the pencil, preferablyofcarbon,-uponan-arm-` automatically and mechanically maintained.'Z f" in uniform relation to eac-h other, while oleis constantly traversed by the other with a gyf' ratory motion, or one both transverse and lon. -gitudinal to the line of v welding, sothat theyj;;.'v .arc can be made to describe any desired ligure-"1" 95C` onvaryingratesof travel, and any portienof "i l I Y .th'e'work may beevenlyheated to thedesire'd* E v te'mperatur'el traverse the carbon ,byjan 'Y l .'9'5 yriage with itwhich`earr1age may be moved- -multanogsiyorsnccessiyelxwitn relation tothe :arcfisu'tabl'e being-fprovidedfor this purpose. I find the direction or inclination of the are to be largely dependent upon the position of the point of connection of the' conductor with the work or anvil, which occasions great inconvenience, causing the arc to flicker or sometimes go out when the carbon moves. I obviate this objection by employing a connection movable relatively to the Work or anvil in such manner that its connection thereto is always as nearly as may be opposite to or in the same longitudinal plane as the carbon electrode. In cases where the moving tool immediately follows the moving are, I employ alsoamoving anvil of rigid inaterial, such as steel, directlybeneath the tool, and a moving body of refractory material or a bad conductor of heat, such as tire-brick, beneath the arc.

The accompanying drawings show so much apparatus specially applicable to the welding of tubes embodying my improvements as is necessary to illustrate their subject-matter.`

That side of the machine where the carbon is situated I term thefront, the opposite the rear That side on the right of a person opposite to andfacing the front of the machine I term the right, thev opposite the left Unless otherwise indicated, the parts are of usual approved construction. p

Figure l is a view in elevation of thefront of the machine, with the mandrel guide or support, the anvil and the refractory block partly in vertical longitudinal section in the line of welding; Fig. 2, an elevation of the right-hand end of the machine, partly in vertical transverse section, taken just in front of the welding-line; Fig. 3, a transverse section through the mandrel-anvil and holding bars or clamps in the same plane as that of .the corresponding section in Fig. 2, illustrating a modification of these parts; and Fig. 4,

a front elevation, on an enlarged scale, showing the details of the-mechanism regulating the traverse of the carbon.

A main or lower carriage A is shown as mounted on Wheels running upon rails B, being moved to and fro thereon or held fast relatively thereto by a hand-wheel C, actuating a gear C upon the carriage, engaging a corresponding gear C2 on one of the wheels or its axle. A second or upper carriageD rims on wheels E, traversing guide-rails E on the main carriage and reci procates parallel therewith, as hereinafter described.

A pneumatic or other hammer F is driven by a belt F from an electro-motor G, both hammer and motor being mounted upon and traversing with the main carriage A. Their details of construction, being ordinary and well known and forming no part of this invention, are not fully shown in the drawings.

A mandrel guide or support H, fixed upon a standard H', secured upon the bed-plate or frame of the machine, is slotted longitudinally on its upper side to receive an anvil J land a block L, of refractory material, which are connected together and to a rod M, fixed on the main carriage A. The anvil and refractory block consequently move lengthwise with the rod and main carriage relatively to the slotted fixed mandrel. The hammer, anvil, and refractory block being all mounted upon the main carriage, necessarily move with it. The carbon is carried by the upper carriage, which, as above explained, is mounted upon the lower one, the organization being such that, as the lower carriage is moved to cause the carbon and hammer to operate successively on different parts of the seam of the tube, the anvil and refractory block move with it and always remain under the hammer and carbon, respectively. The work is held down upon the mandrel by holding bars or clamps N, arrangedjparallel with and on each side of its slot, or of the anvil traversing therein. Their lefthand ends are pivoted at ll2 to the mandrel or its support, While their right-hand ends are secured to right and left handed screw-links O, by which their pressure upon the work may be adjusted. They may also conveniently he operated by hydraulic presses in well-known ways.

An electro-motor a on the upper carriage D actuates a belt-pulley b, driving through its belt a second pulley c, fixed to whose axis is a pinion d, gearing with a spur-wheel e, to one end of whose axisfis fixed a bevel-pinion f. gearing with a bevel-pinion g upon a vertical axis or shaft g, which moves freely endwise through but turns with the pinion. The carbon Il is carried by an eccentric or crank arm on this shaft,being adjustable laterally relatively to its axis in well known ways to varyits eccentricity or relation thereto. verse axis or shaftfcarries a spur-pinion f2, gearing with a corresponding wheel j, to whose axis is fixed a spur-pinion 7c, gearing with a spur-wheel Z, iixed to whose axis or shaft is a disk fm, Fig. 4. This disk has a radial slot in which a pin n can lbe adjusted at any desired distance from the axis or center of the disk. This pin is also free to slide in a slot in a crank-arm 0, rocking on a pivot o' on the upper carriage D. An arm orpitman p is pivoted to the slotted rocking crank-arm o near its outer end at one end and at the other to a standard q on the lower carriage A. The result of this arrangement is that the upper carriage is reciprocated upon the lower one by the revolution of the disk m, the motion of the upper carriage in one direction being faster than in the other, While at the same time the carbon circles about its axis or shaft g. The work being held in` a xed position, it results from the organization above described that while the lower carriage remains stationary the carbon gyrates over the work, heating a patch thereon equal in length to twice the -distance of the crank-pin n, from the center of the disk m, and in width to twice the distance of the carbon from its axis. This axis or shaft is free to IOC IIO

467,752 i s l plained. Its upper end is su pported by a counterbalanced lever r, rocking on a pivot r and carrying a set-screw'fr2, by which the height of the carbon or its relation to the Work may be adjusted. This lever terminates in a handle r3, by which the workman can depress the lever and carbon against the counterbalanced weight and strike the are by approaching the A carbon to the Work. A bracket s on the upper carriage carries a tubular socket s', which receives a weighted rods2, which rests upon corresponding inclines on the top of the socket, so that the rod can be turned in the socket, but always tends to resumeits normal position. A counterbalanced lever s3 vcarries a brush s4, Which presses against the under side ot' the mandrel H. This brush-lever rocks vertically on a pivot on the horizontally-turning rod s2, thus enabling the brush to swin both vertically and horizontally. A

The positive vpole of the arc circuit is attached to the terminal t upon the bracket s, through which the current passes by the socket s', rod s2, brush-lever s3, and brush s4 to the mandrel H, and since both this brush and the carbon are mounted on the upper carriage the electric circuit or connection through the ixed/mandrel and the work is always approximately in a direct line with the carbon, thus insuring the playing of the arc squarely upon the work. The negative Wire of the arc circuit is attached to the terminal t', whence the current passes by a wire to a switch-board u on the main carriage, and through the frame, the shaft f, the vertical shaft g, and carbonelectrode h to the Work. The wires ot the motor G, which works the hammer, are lattached to terminals upon the switch board u', while those of the motor a, which moves the carbon and upper carriage, are attached Jto-terminals on the switch-board u2, all these switch-boards being shown asmounted on the upper carriage B.

The drawings show three separate circuits, one for supplying the arc, one for the hammer,` and one for moving the upper carriage; but it will be understood that by a suitable arrangement of switches the work could be done by one or two circuits; but these are not usually convenient arrangements, because the various operations do not all require the same power, and therefore separate circuits are preferable.

In some cases, in order to prevent the burning of the Work, Ido not operate directly upon it bythe arc, but interpose a thin screen w, Fig. 3, ot' carbon or other conducting refractory material between the arciand the work. This device is also applicable to other organizations for heating andvwelding by the' electric arc. Thus, for instance, when it is desired to heat or melt metals out ot contact with the air, I inclose them in a box of thin carbon plates and connect one pole of the circuit to the box and the other to a carbon or pencil mechanically moved, as above described, on the opposite side ot' the box.

What I claim is- 1. An apparatus for heating or Welding by the electric arc, in which the work forms one electrode, comprising a pencil forming the other electrode mounted to Vmove longitudinally and transversely and mechanism for effectin g these movements.

2. An, apparatus for heating or welding by the electric arc,'in which the work forms one electrode, comprising a laterally and longitudinally movable pencil forming the other electrode, mounted to move at a ixed distancefrom the Work, and mechanism for effecting these movements.

3. An apparatus for heating or welding by the electric are, in which vthe work forms one electrode, comprising a pencil forming the other electrode, means for holding the pencil at a fixed distance from the work, and mechanism constructed and operated to contiually change the position of the work and pencil relatively to each other, both longitudinally and laterally with respect to the line of heating or welding, substantially as set forth.

4. In apparatus for heating and welding by the electric arc where the Work forms one electrode and a pencil the other electrode, the

lcombimatimi of a support for the work, a carriage, mechanism which moves the carriage relatively to the Work, a pencil on `the carriage, and mechanism which moves the pen- .cil relatively to the carriage.

5. In apparatus for heating and Welding by the electric arc Where the work forms one electrode and a pencil the other electrode, the combination of a support for the work, a can riage movable along the line to beheated or welded, a second carriage to support the pencil and mechanism which moves the pencilrelatively to its supporting-carriage, and the latter relatively to the work.

roo

IIO

6. In apparatus for heating and welding by i the electric arc where the work forms one electrode and the pencil the other electrode,

the combination of a support for the work, a carriage, a pencil mounted thereon, mechanism which moves the pencil relatively to its supporting-carriage, and the latter relatively to the work, a tool, and mechanism which ac-v tuates it.

7. In apparatus for heating and welding by the electric arciwhere the work forms one electrode and a pencil theother electrode, the

kcombination of a support for the work, a carriage movable along the line to be heated or Welded, a hammer, press, or other tool upon the carriage, mechanism for actuating the tool, a second carriage, a pencil supportedJ thereon, and mechanism which moves the pencil relatively to the second carriage and the second carriage relatively to the first.

8. In apparatus for heating and welding by the electric arc where the work forms one i electrode and a pencil the other electrode, the

combination of a support for the work, a carriage movable along the line to be' heated or welded, a support for the pencil, and a support for the otherelectrode, both mounted on this carriage, the organization being such that one electrode is in proximity to the work and the other in direct contact with its support, the two being directly opposite each other, and mechanism which moves them coincidently relatively to the work, so that Vthe two electrodes are always in directline with each other.

9. In apparatus for heating and welding by the electric are where the work forms one electrode and a pencil the other electrode, the

ycombination of a support for thework, a carriage to suport the pencil, and also a hammer, press, or other tool, an anvil beneath the hammer, press, or tool, and a block of refractory material beneath the pencil, both block and anvil being connected to and moving with the 1 carriage.

port for the pencil, and a thin sheet of refractory conducting material, such as carbon, interposed between the pencil and work to heat the latter by radiation, as set forth.

l1. In apparatus for heating and welding by the electric arc where the work forms one electrode and a pencil the other electrode, the

, combination of a support for the work, a supportfor the pencilmovable along the line to be heated or welded, and clamps parallel with `this line of movement, between which and the support the Work is pressed near the line 'of heating or welding, as set forth.

Ablock all being mounted upon the second carriage, as and for the purposes set forth.

15. The combination, Substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a support for the work, holding bars 1or clamps thereon parallel with the welding-line, a carriage movable parallel with said line, a tool, its actuating mechanism, and an anvil fixed on said frame, a second carriage movable thereon, a pencil-sup port carried thereby, and mechanism for traversing the main carriage for moving the second carriage thereon and for moving the pencil over the Work.

16. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a support for the work, holding bars or clamps thereon parallel with the welding-line, a pencil, mechanism which gyrates it over the work, and a carbon block interposed between the pencil and work.

17. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a work-support, a carriage movable parallel with the welding-line, a pencil thereon on one side of the support, a brush or other sliding electrode, also mounted on this carriage, and mechanism traversing said brush and pencil relatively to the holder, the organization being such that the pencil and brush are maintained in direct line with each other, so as to secure the proper impingement of the are upon the work.

HENRY HOW'ARD. Witnesses:

STANLEY MCKNIGHT HOWARD, Student, Oaford, England.

EDWIN EDWARDS, Gardener to Chaton Stone, near Kiddermoyle,

England. 

